Since discovering the body of the little Huelva have been many questions have revolved around the effectiveness of the English judicial system and for abusive situations to which Unfortunately, too many children face niñas.En judicial system if such official was low, that if such justice ... well, in situations of child abuse, as in many others, citizens have a civil responsible parties, so, powers to serve and help to tackle such situations not only have the system judicual.Cualquier person, if you suspect that any child is in a situation of abuse, has an obligation to inform the competent authorities that situation. In Andalusia can be done completely anonymously on the phone for minors 900 851 818 But perhaps it would be necessary to clarify what we consider as abuse, child abuse is considered the one made by minors 18 when their physical or mental health, or safety are endangered, either by action or omission taken by parents or others responsible for their care to occur, then, the abuse by action, omission or negligence.
Thus, the typology is diverse, emerging new forms of abuse such as bullying or parental alienation:
Physical abuse: non-accidental action an adult that causes physical injury or illness in children or that puts him at grave risk of suffering as a result of any willful neglect.
• Physical neglect: situation where the child's basic physical needs (food, hygiene, security, medical care, clothing, education, monitoring ...), are not adequately addressed by any adult who lives with his group.
• Sexual abuse: Any kind of sexual pleasure with a child by an adult from a position of power or authority. It is not necessary to have physical contact (in the form of penetration or touching) for there to be abuse but can be used by children as objects of sexual stimulation, this includes incest, rape, sexual molestation (touching / fondling a a child with or without clothes, encourage, force or allow a child inappropriately touching the adult) and sexual abuse without physical contact (verbal seduction, solicitation indecent exposure of sexual organs to a child for sexual gratification, performance of sexual act in the presence of a minor, masturbation in the presence of child pornography ...)
• Emotional abuse: behaviors of parents / mothers or caregivers such as insults, rejection, threats, humiliation, scorn, mockery, criticism, isolation, terrorizing causing or likely to cause deterioration in the emotional, social or intellectual development.
• Emotional neglect: situation in which the child receives no affection, stimulation, support and protection required at every stage of its evolution and inhibits their optimal development. There is a lack of response from the parents or caregivers to the child's emotional expressions (crying, smiling ,...) or their attempts to approach or interaction.
• Munchausen Syndrome by Proxy: A parent subject to child caregivers continuous medical examinations, supply of medications or hospital admissions, claiming fictitious symptoms or actively generated by the adult (eg by giving substances to the child).
• Institutional Abuse: means abuse institutional any law, procedure, action or omission from the government or derived by the individual performance of the professional who behave abuse, neglect, harm health, safety, emotional state, physical, or to correct aging violates the basic rights of children and / or childhood.
• Abuse prenatal careless act or omission, the body of the mother or self-provision of drugs or substances which, consciously or unconsciously, that hurts the fetus is a carrier. This consumption can cause the baby to be born with abnormal growth patterns, neurological abnormal symptoms or physical dependence on those. Not included in this category abortion.
• Labour exploitation (begging children): defined as a situation in which parents or guardians assigned to the child with mandatory continuing implementation of work (domestic or otherwise) that exceed the usual limits, should be performed by adults, clearly inferred from the activities and social needs and / or child's school, are assigned to niño7a with the primary object of similar economic benefit for parents or family structure.
• bullying or bullying, behavior prolonged verbal abuse, social rejection, intimidation, psychological or physical aggression towards others that some children become, in this way, a victim of his colleagues "(Olweus, 1998 .) Bullying: English word bullying. Unfortunately, it is a word that is in fashion because of the numerous cases of persecution and attacks that are being detected in schools, that schools are taking to live truly frightening situations. The word bullying encompasses all forms of aggressive attitudes, deliberate and repeated, which occur without apparent reason, taken by one or more students against another or others. They do so to assert power over the other through constant threats, insults, assaults, harassment, etc., And so have it under their control for months and years. The victim suffers quietly. Threatening abuse equals pain, distress, fear, that the worst may end in suicide.
• Parental Alienation Syndrome: process to break the bond between children with one parent.
important thing is to be noted is that abuse of children occurs in all social classes and economic levels, in all races, nationalities and religions although it is true that conditions such as alcoholism, drug addiction, poverty, low educational attainment, couples who have not been consolidated, the lack of understanding between couples, domestic violence, etc., could lead to parents to abusing their sons and daughters, the latter being one of the major causes of violence there. A child who grows up in a bit conflicting and harmonious environment is likely to be a troublemaker and a few personal principles.
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